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Abacus encyclopedia

Thirty questions parents and teachers ask about abacus and mental arithmetic, answered by PAMA.

  1. 01What are abacus and mental arithmetic?
  2. 02Why do students learn abacus and mental arithmetic?
  3. 03Abacus and mental arithmetic’s complementary functions
  4. 04What is the best age for students to learn abacus?
  5. 05How to choose a good abacus
  6. 06The importance of memorising bead formulae
  7. 07Using a flash card in abacus class
  8. 08Mental arithmetic with listening and reading
  9. 09The purpose of finger-counting
  10. 10Learning the meaning of adding and subtracting columns
  11. 11The combination of abacus and elementary school maths
  12. 12Teaching multiplication and division: positioning first
  13. 13What can parents do to help when students are learning abacus?
  14. 14Is accuracy or speed more important when learning abacus and mental arithmetic?
  15. 15The importance of over-quotient in division
  16. 16Complementary functions of computer flash calculation
  17. 17Pointers for older abacus and mental arithmetic students (6 to 10 years old)
  18. 18The importance of choosing the best abacus teaching materials
  19. 19How long should a student learn abacus?
  20. 20What is the certification exam?
  21. 21What is the abacus skills classification?
  22. 22An overview of the two-hand method
  23. 23An overview of the one-hand method
  24. 24Feasibility of the two-hand method
  25. 25Nine-bead abacus and its uses
  26. 26The connection between abacus and mathematics
  27. 27How to choose a high-quality abacus teaching centre
  28. 28The importance of instructor certification
  29. 29The state of abacus education around the world
  30. 30Vision of abacus education